Evidence For Evolution
Introduction
An adaptation is anything that gives an organism a better chance of survival. Stuctural and physiological adaptations are considered direct evidence of evolution. Most of the evidence to support evolution is indirect.
Direct Evidence
Terms To Know
Camouflage- The ability of an organism to hide/blend in with their surroundings for survival. Examples are below.
Mimicry- The ability of an organism to act as though it were something else for survival. Examples are below.
Indirect Evidence
Indirect Evidence
Indirect evidence comes from fossil, anatomy, biochemical, and embryology.
Fossil Evidence
Anatomical Evidence
Homologous Structures- Structures with different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissue; evidence of a common ancestor.
Analogous Structures- Structures with mature forms that develop from different embryonic tissue; evidence of no relationship.
Vestigial Organs- Organs that are reduced so that they no longer serve important functions.
Embryological Evidence
Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin is known as the father of evolution due to his discoveries in the Galapagos Islands. While there he studied finches and tortoises and noticed how they differed based on their requirements.
Galapagos Slideshow
Natural Selection
"Survival of the fittest"; when organisms with the strongest traits survive and reproduce.
Stabilizing Selection
When individuals NEAR THE CENTER of a curve have a higher fitness than individuals at either end.
Directional Selection
When individuals at EITHER END has a higher fitness than individuals near the middle or the other end.
Disruptive Selection
When individuals at the UPPER AND LOWER ENDS have higher fitness than individuals near the middle.
Artificial Selection
When humans selectivly breed organisms to improve crops and livestock. This is used in animals like dogs and plants like corn and other vegetables.